Water and Sanitation
The overall objective of water supply is to ensure safe, reliable and affordable water supply services for all 100% by 2017. This will be achieved while strengthening the financial viability of the utility and ensure sustainable functionality of water supply infrastructure by developing effective management structures and well- regulated public private partnership (PPP) arrangements.
100% (2024) from 87.4% (2020)
% households with access to improved sources of drinking water
100% (2024) from 86.2 (2020)
% households using improved sanitation (toilets)
365,298 (2024) from 267,660 (2020)
Water production capacity (m³ per day)
Introduction
The overall objective of water supply is to ensure safe, reliable and affordable water supply services for all 100% by 2017. This will be achieved while strengthening the financial viability of the utility and ensure sustainable functionality of water supply infrastructure by developing effective management structures and well- regulated public private partnership (PPP) arrangements.
The focus was put on the sustainability, since full water supply service coverage can only be attained if the existing infrastructure continues to function sustainably, and the available resources can be used for serving uncovered areas instead of rehabilitating the existing infrastructure.
For water supply, the tariff guidelines are also essential to reconcile the interest of cost recovery, affordability for the rural poor, and attractiveness for private operators. The priority has also been given to the water quality surveillance.
In this regard, water quality monitoring systems were put in place to protect the water from contamination that may be caused by damaged spring protection, lacking protection of the catchment area, lack of drainage, reservoirs, broken pipe, etc. The field inspection is also regularly done through water sampling at different points of the water systems, and physical inspection of the local conditions.
Background
Rwanda is facing significant challenges in relation to solid waste management. Waste generation is increasing, while a sizeable portion of it is disposed on improperly located and operated dumpsites, resulting in adverse impacts on environment and health. The country has a backlog in waste legislation enforcement as well as in coordination and promotion of existing efforts to recycle and dispose waste properly.
The objective of Solid Waste Management is to implement integrated solid waste management in ways that are protective to human health and the environment.
Thus, a National Task Force shall establish an affordable, integrated approach to solid waste management based on the international waste hierarchy of:
- Reducing the amount and toxicity of material entering the waste flow (minimization);
- Reusing as much material as practicable;
- Recycling the waste that cannot be used and recovery of resources;
- Residue disposed of in an environmentally sound way.
Thereto, the integrated approach to solid waste management must mobilize all public and private stakeholders and consider the relevant financial, technical, cultural, organizational and legal aspects. A clear division of responsibilities in terms of regulating, monitoring, promoting and operating functions shall be established among public entities at national and district level as well as among private business, communities and households.
Waste management shall aim at full cost recovery and encourage private and community initiatives for financing and operating waste management operations.
The existing legislation and regulatory framework shall be updated and establish minimum levels of service and environmental protection. Such levels can be scaled up over time, but shall remain realistic, i.e. technically, socially and economically enforceable at each stage of development. Enforcement should be accompanied by user-friendly advice and guidance and must address aspects such as operating licenses, producer responsibilities, landfill regulation, tariffs, and disposal of hazardous, industrial and agricultural waste, illegal dumping, prosecution and recovery of cleanup costs.
As response the following components will be taken into consideration:
- Waste reduction, prevention and minimization: Waste prevention is at the top of the waste hierarchy and number one priority for the integrated approach to solid waste management.
- Recycling: Recycling can reduce waste to landfill but also provide economic, environmental and social positives. The State shall assist private sector and community initiatives in establishing markets for recyclable products with priority for materials which are currently being recycled and/or can find sustained market demand. Such support may include training and the provision of reimbursable funding or grants.
- Recovery: At the dumpsite, organic garden waste and paper are the source of most of the damaging leachate, greenhouse gases and odours. But they also represent a valuable resource which should be recovered, e.g. composted or transformed into briquettes.
- Collection: Due to high transportation costs, collection efficiency is crucial and shall be optimized. Private and community initiatives for solid waste collection are to be encouraged also outside Kigali in secondary urban centres.
- Landfill: Uncontrolled dumpsites shall cease to operate and be replaced with environmentally sound landfills. Identification of future landfill sites and technologies shall be undertaken based on selection processes considering technical, financial, social and operational criteria.
- Hazardous waste: Due to the elevated and often concentrated environmental risks, a map and register of hazardous industrial and medical waste producers and products shall be established and include actual techniques and equipment used for disposal. To comply with environmental legislation, guidelines are to be edited for safe waste handling, storage, transport, treatment and drop-off or disposal for each category of hazardous waste.
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FOR WATSAN SECTOR COORDINATED SUPPORT
Memorandum_of_Understanding_for_WatSan_Sector_Coordinated_Support__2_.pdf
Coordination approach document - MEMORUNDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
Coordination_appraoch_document.pdf
Terms of Reference for Water Supply Development Thematic Group
Terms_of_Reference_for_Water_Supply_Development_Thematic_Group.docx
WASH partners-mapping sheet-25March2015
WASH_partners-mapping_sheet-25March2015.docx
WASH-Rwanda-4W matrix- 12December2014
WASH-Rwanda-4W_matrix-_12December2014.xls
Workplan-Rwanda Water supply development thematic working group-09Jan2014
Workplan-Rwanda_Water_supply_development_thematic_working_group-09Jan2014.docx
WATSAN 2021-2022 BACKWARD LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT
WATSAN 2020-2021 BACKWARD LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT
WATSAN 2018-2019 BACKWARD LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT
WATSAN_2018-1019_BLJSR_REPORT.pdf
WATSAN 2019-2020 FORWARD- LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT
WATSAN_2019-20_FL-JSR_Report.pdf
WATSAN 2018-2019 FORWARD- LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT
WATSAN 2017-2018 FORWARD- LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT
WATSAN_2017-2018__Forward-_Looking__Joint_Sector_Review_Report.compressed.pdf
WATSAN 2016- 2017 Backward- Looking Joint Sector Review Report
WATSAN__2016-2017_Backward-_Looking__joint_sector_Review_Report.pdf
WATSAN__2016-2017_Backward-_Looking__joint_sector_Review_Report.pdf
BACKWARD 2015-16LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REPORT
Backward_2015-16Looking_Joint_Sector_Report.pdf
WATSAN SECTOR SIGNED 2016-17 FORWARD LOOKING JSR REPORT
WATSAN_Sector_Signed_2016-17_Forward_looking_JSR_Report.pdf
SUMMARY OF THE SECTOR WORKING GROUP MINUTES
Summary_of_the_Sector_Working_Group_Minutes__2_.pdf
WATSAN SECTOR 2014-15 BACKWARD LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW
WATSAN_SECTOR_2014-15_BACKWARD_LOOKING_JOINT_SECTOR_REVIEW.pdf
BACKWARD-LOOKING JOINT SECTOR REVIEW REPORT 2013/2014
JSR_Bakward_looking__Final_.docx
Joint Sector Reviews report November 2014
Terms of Reference for the Preparation of 2015/16 Forward - looking Joint Sector Reviews
JSR_ToRs_04_May_2015_Final.docx
Deloitte Wastewater and Sewerage PPP Report FINAL
Deloitte_Wastewater_and_Sewerage_PPP_Report_FINAL_12-2-14.docx
Draft Niger Water PPP Field Note
Draft_Niger_Water_PPP_Field_Note_01_12_15.pdf
DRAFT Senegal DPSP
DRAFT_Senegal_DPSP_EN_01212015.pdf
ECA Best Practice Report v5
ECA_Best_Practice_Report_v5.docx
ECA Global Desk Review Update revised
ECA_Global_Desk_Review_Update_revised.docx
Handshake_Issue_1 - Tapped Out
Handshake_Issue_1_-_Tapped_Out.pdf
MFLM-AVSI BOOK
Philippines PPP Learning Note
Philippines_PPP_Learning_Note_08152014_Final.pdf
PPP-Contracting-Toolkit
PPP-Contracting-Toolkit__Final_.pdf
Private Sector Participation in the Ugandan Water Sector Review
Private-Sector-Participation-in-the-Ugandan-Water-Sector-Review.pdf
WSP-Summary Findings Learning Review-WSP-FCAS-TA-Program-2014
WSP-Summary-Findings-Learning-Review-WSP-FCAS-TA-Program-2014.pdf
India-Africa Workshop
Capacity Building
Malawi_Capacity_Building_ST_Bello.ppt
National Guidelines for Sustainable Rural Water Supply Services
1_National_Guidelines_for_Sustainable_RWSS.pdf
Rural Drinking Water Quality Management Framework
2_Rural_Drinking_Water_Quality_Framework.pdf
Model Tender Documents for the Delegated Water Management
3_Model_Tender_doc_for_Management_of_WSS.pdf
Model Delegated Water Management Contract
4_Model_Contract_forM_anagement_of_WSS.pdf
Monthly Report Format in Rural Water Service Provision
5_PO_Monthly_Report_Format.pdf
Operation and Maintenance of Pumps in Rural Water Supply Ssytems
6_Training_Module_OM_Pumps_3.pdf
Training Module on Water Quality Control and Management in Rural Water Supply
7_Training_Module_Water_Quality_Control_and_Management.pdf
Training Model on Procedure of Operation and Maintenance for Pipe Water Supply Systems
8_Training_Module_OM__Procedure_of_OM.pdf
District and Private Operator's Manual Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supply Systems
9 Manual_for_OM_manual_for_PO_and_Districts.pdf
Manual for Rural Water Supply Project Cycle Management
10_Manual_for_Rural_Water_Supply_Project_Cycle.pdf
Manual for Community Mobilization on Rural Water Supply Services
11_Manual_for_Comunity_Mobilization.pdf
Approved and signed Financial Report for 2014-2015
Approved_and_signed_Financial_Report_for_2014-2015.pdf
Watsan BL JSR 2014-2015
WATSAN_BL_JSR_2014_2015_Nov_15.pdf
12th National Leadership Retreat resolutions
12th_Nitional_Leadership_Retreat_resolutions_1-3_March_2015.pdf
FINAL WATSAN EDPRS 2 SSP
FINAL_FINAL_WATSAN_EDPRS_2_SSP_June_2013.doc
National Policy and Strategy for water and sanitation
National_Policy_and_Strategy_for_water_and_sanitation_01.pdf
Official Gazette_no_11_Bis_of_16.03.2015
Official_Gazette_no_11_Bis_of_16.03.2015.pdf
WASH partners-mapping sheet
WASH_partners-mapping_sheet-25March2015_01.docx
Watsan Secretariat Sector Working Group Quarterly report
Watsan_Secretariat_Sector_Working_Group_Quarterly_report___October-December_2014_.docx
WATSAN Sector Reporting Framework
WATSAN_Sector_Reporting_Framework-28October_2014.xlsx
REVISED WATSAN SECRETARIAT MULT-YEAR ACTION PLAN 2016 -17 -18
Revised_WATSAN_Secretariat_Mult-Year_Action_Plan_2016_-17_-18.pdf
ANNUAL REPORT ON WatSan SWAP SECRETARIAT ANNUAL REPORT
Updated_Annual__Report_on_WatSan_SWAp_Secretariat_Annual_Report.pdf
WATSAN SECRETARIAT ACTION PLAN & BUDGET FY 2015-2016
WATSAN_SECRETARIAT__ACTION_PLAN___BUDGET_FY_2015-2016_Edited.pdf
WATSAN Secretariat Action plan 2014-15 Implementation report
WATSAN_Secretariat_Action_plan_2014-15_Implementation_report.ppt
Workplan-Rwanda WatSan secretariat 2014-2015 _final version
Workplan-Rwanda_WatSan_secretariat_2014-2015__final_version_09_09_2014_WFP_comments.docx
Background
Storm water is a subset of surface water resources. Urbanization typically increases runoff rates due to increased impervious areas, and replacement or filling up of natural watercourses and overland flows. Subsequently, high uncontrolled discharge of storm water can:
- Have a significant impact on water quality and public health: storm water runoff can include a variety of pollutants such as sediments, litter, bacteria, organic nutrients, hydrocarbon, metal, oil and grease, pesticides and acids;
- Put people at risk, and cause erosion of land and damages to property and infrastructure.
The objective of storm water management is mitigate impacts on properties, infrastructure,human health, and the environment.
The focus of the storm water strategy in urban areas must be on alleviating existing and preventing future problems through careful design, planning and only complementary drainage networks. Successful affordable management of storm water needs a long-term coordinated approach to integrate best practice as well as community and business involvement and education programmes.
Storm water shall be understood as a resource. Diversion of storm water has a series of advantages, including financial, over traditional approaches to storm water management, which usually gave priority to costly network constructions. “Water sensitive urban design” or “Low Impact Development” (LID) are approaches to urban planning and design which integrate management of the total water cycle into urban development. The approach also includes methods such as porous pavements, infiltration and rain harvesting systems, swale and wetlands, which shall be incorporated in development of new and upgrades of existing infrastructure.
As response, a national taskforce under the lead of the Ministry of Infrastructure shall formulate responsibilities and tasks coordinate the relevant national and district stakeholders, set the objectives and implementation methods, revise or elaborate standards and norms, and develop guidelines for urban storm water management. Additionally the taskforce shall define the terms of reference for the storm water component in urban sanitation master plans considering its correlation with wastewater and solid waste management.
The Planning, design and implementation shall include the following components:
- Risk assessment,
- Best practices for storm water design standards,
- Land use and urban planning,
- Water quality and environmental protection,
- Network capacity and maintenance, and
- Awareness and education which will help people to know that human activities have increasing pollution consequences and other environmental sensitive impacts.
Background
Waste water should be treated prior to surface discharge or reuse in agriculture and/ or aquaculture. Treatment usually means a reduction in biodegradable organic materials and suspends solids, and some nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous. However, the large centralized sewage facilities corresponding to full treatment standards require very high financial, material and human resources.
To date, only a few hotels, hospitals and few small residential areas in Kigali have constructed sewers and waste treatment plants.
Rwanda’s priority shall be on how to control pathogenic and hazardous/toxic materials. Therefore, treatment processes shall first be geared towards environmental health protection, and then to natural resource protection.
The overall level of environmental health and environmental protection is directly correlated to the standards that a country can afford to pay and maintain for a liquid /solid waste treatment, which stresses the need for clear priorities.
Low cost treatment options shall be implemented, and maximize the utilization of the potential resources, principally irrigation water and nutrients. Decentralized solutions shall be evaluated systematically, as well as the optimization of energetic resources.
This policy presents the sector’s approach on how to achieve the Vision 2020, MDG and EDPRS objectives and breaks them down into concrete principles, objectives and statements. It is not meant to be a document of the
Ministry of Infrastructure alone. Achieving the sector targets implies coordination of all key players including in particular the districts, the Ministry of Health, the urban water and sewerage utility (RWASCO), the Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency (RURA) and the Ministry of Natural Resources, as well as the development partners.
For more details please click on the attachment bellow:
National_Policy_and_Strategy_for_water_and_sanitation.pdf
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PMO ON TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROPERTIES OF ENERGY WATER AND SANITATION AUTHORITY_ EWSA_GAZETTED
PMO_ON_TRANSFER_OF_RESPONSIBILITIES_AND_PROPERTIES_OF_ENERGY_WATER_AND_SANITATION_AUTHORITY__EWSA_GAZETTED_01.pdf
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LAW N° 26/2012 OF 29/06/2012 GOVERNING THE PROFESSIONS OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING AND ESTABLISHING THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS AND THE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS IN RWANDA
LAW_GOVERNING__ARCHTECTS__AND_ENGINEERS__Official_Gazette_no_37_of_10.09.2012-1_02.pdf
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MINISTERIAL CIRCULAR ON IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW GOVERNING ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS FINAL SIGNED GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
MINISTERIAL_Circular_on_Implementation_of_Law_Governing__architects_and_Engineers_Final__signed_Govt_Institutions_02.pdf
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MINISTERIAL CIRCULAR ON IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW GOVERNING ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS FINAL SIGNED PSF
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WATER AND SANITATION SSP JUNE 2013
Water_and_Sanitation_SSP_June_2013.pdf
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WATSAN BL JSR 2014 2015 Nov 15
WATSAN_BL_JSR_2014_2015_Nov_15.pdf
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NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY POLICY 2016
NATIONAL_WATER_SUPPLY_POLICY__DECEMBER_2016.pdf
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NATIONAL SANITATION SUPPLY POLICY 2016
NATIONAL_SANITATION_POLICY__DECEMBER_2016.pdf
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NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY POLICY IMPEMENTATION STRATEGY 2016
NATIONAL_WATER_SUPPLY_POLICY_IMPEMENTATION_STRATEGY_DECEMBER_2016.pdf
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NATIONAL SANITATION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 2016
NATIONAL_SANITATION_POLICY_IMPLEMENTATION_STRATEGY__DECEMBER_2016.pdf
National Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategy
Click here to read the document
WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN 2013/14 - 2017/18
Water_and_Sanitation_SSP_June_2013.pdf